Seels and Glasgow Model

A detailed model that divides the instructional design process into three phases: Project Management, Instructional Design, and Implementation and Evaluation. It emphasizes planning and scheduling.

Model walk-through

1. Needs analysis

This phase focuses on understanding the problem, defining goals, and establishing a foundation for the instructional design process.

Key activities

  • Identify the learning need or problem
  • Conduct a needs assessment
  • Define objectives and scope
  • Identify constraints (time, resources, technology, budget)
  • Establish project management structures
  • Develop a high-level plan for instructional design

Example

If a company notices low customer satisfaction due to poor customer service, this phase would involve analysing training gaps, surveying employees, and defining clear objectives for a customer service training program.

2. Instructional design

In this phase, the instructional strategies and materials are created, tested, and refined.

Key activities

  • Design instructional strategies based on learning theories
  • Develop instructional materials (e.g., e-learning modules, manuals, videos)
  • Integrate multimedia and technology (if applicable)
  • Conduct prototype testing and revisions
  • Ensure alignment with learning objectives

Iterative Process

Unlike strict linear models, the Seels and Glasgow model encourages revision and feedback loops to improve materials before final deployment.

Example

If designing an online customer service course, this phase would involve scripting scenarios, recording role-playing videos, and testing them with a small group of employees before launching the full training.

3. Implementation & evaluation

This phase involves delivering the training and assessing its effectiveness.Key activities:

  • Implement the instructional program
  • Monitor learner engagement and progress
  • Collect feedback through surveys and assessments
  • Evaluate learning outcomes (Kirkpatrick’s model can be used here)
  • Revise content based on evaluation results

Data-Driven Improvements

The model recognises that real-world application often reveals new needs, so ongoing evaluation leads to continuous improvement.

Example

After rolling out the customer service training, the company might analyse customer feedback and performance data to refine training content for the next cycle.

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Explainer

The Seels and Glasgow Model is a systematic approach to instructional design that emphasises the alignment of instructional objectives, assessment, and instructional strategies. This model guides educators in developing effective learning experiences by focusing on key components: clear goals, accurate assessments, and suitable instructional resources. By utilising this framework, educators can create engaging and structured learning environments that enhance learner outcomes. Incorporating formative and summative evaluations helps in continuously improving the instructional process, ensuring that it meets the needs of diverse learners.

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Suitable for

This model is suitable for less experienced instructional designers when developing structured and outcomes-based instructional materials. Its focus on clear educational objectives and systematic evaluation helps educators create effective learning experiences. Ideal for practical application in various educational settings, the model guides instructional planning and content alignment, ensuring that learners achieve desired competencies efficiently. Embracing this framework enhances the overall quality of instructional design.

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Unsuitable for

The Seels and Glasgow Model may not be suitable for a less experienced instructional designer when developing complex instructional goals or navigating advanced assessment strategies. Its emphasis on systematic design can overwhelm beginners lacking foundational skills in analysis and evaluation. Instead, simpler frameworks could foster understanding and confidence, enabling effective learner engagement and content delivery. Focus on essential principles of instructional design before tackling this comprehensive model for proficient educator practice.

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Example

A robust instructional design framework focuses on the needs of both the learner and the educator. For instance, when developing an online course, the educator identifies learning objectives, ensuring they align with learner outcomes. The model emphasises formative assessment and feedback, allowing the educator to adapt methods to enhance learner engagement and understanding. Thus, clear objectives and assessments are pivotal, enhancing the educational experience for both parties in the learning environment.

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Benefits

This model focuses on systematic instructional design, promoting clear alignment between learning objectives, assessment, and instructional strategies. It enhances learner engagement by providing educators with a structured framework to develop effective courses. Key benefits include improved clarity, consistency, and adaptability in instructional materials, leading to better learning outcomes. Utilising this model can significantly streamline the design process and ensure that educational interventions are both relevant and impactful.

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Risks

Utilising the Seels and Glasgow Model can pose risks if educators overly focus on its rigid structure, potentially stifling creativity in instructional design. This model may lead to a one-size-fits-all approach, neglecting the diverse needs of all learners. Additionally, educators might overlook the importance of continuous evaluation and adaptation. To maximise effectiveness, always blend various instructional strategies, ensuring engagement and relevance in your design process.

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